Tongue lesions and anomalies in a sample of Yemeni dental patients: a cross-sectional study

Background: Tongue examination helps considerably in diagnosing the underlying health state of the patient, especially in the cases of chronic diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and association of tongue lesions with risk factors among Yemeni dental patients. Materials and methods: An oral medicine specialist examined all 713 patients attending the dental polyclinics at the University of Sciences and Technology (Sana’a, Yemen). The examination sheet was designed to include information related to patient characteristics, medical history, dental history, habits, and tongue lesions. Results: The prevalence of tongue lesions among the examined participants was 76.5 percent. The prevalence rate was 83.4 percent for males and 69.2 percent for females. Fissured tongue was the most common condition. Logistic regression analysis indicated that older age (p<0.001), gender (p=0.007), khat chewing (p<0.001), and smoking (p=0.001) were associated with fissured tongue; gender (p<0.001), khat chewing (p<0.001), and smoking (p<0.001) were associated with hairy tongue; and older age (p<0.001), khat chewing (p=0.001), and smoking (p=.021) were associated with coated tongue. Conclusion: The prevalence of tongue lesions among this sample of Yemeni population was 76.5 percent; fissured tongue and hairy tongue were the most prevalent lesions. Khat chewing, smoking, and older age were the associated risk factors for many of studied lesions and anomalies.

Lesions of Tongue : A Five Year Experience.

Context: Tongue lesions are quite common and affect both genders and all age groups. However, very few studies concentrate on the histopathological spectrum of tongue lesions, usually including them as a part of oral cavity lesions. No such study has been published from the newly formed state of Uttarakhand. Aim: A retrospective review of histopathology of various types of tongue lesions in different age groups of both genders, amongst cases reported in the department of pathology. Methods and Materials: Study included a total of 121 cases of tongue lesions reported in the histopathology section over a duration of five years, from July 2004 to June 2009. Result: In this study, the most common lesions were malignant (58.7%), followed by benign lesions (33%) and pre-malignant lesions (8.3%). The most common site for tongue lesions was base of tongue (52.8%). Common age groups affected were 41- 50 years (27.2%) and 51-60 years (28.0%). The most common clinical presentation was growth and induration. Overall males were affected more than females; with Male:Female ratio of 3.3:1. Conclusions: The commonest tongue lesion in this study was moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma among the malignant lesions whereas chronic inflammation was the commonest out of non-malignant lesions. Tongue may show some less common tumours like schwannoma and hemangioma etc.

Oral mucosal alterations among the institutionalized elderly in Brazil

This study determined the prevalence of oral mucosal alterations and associated factors among the institutionalized elderly in Brazil. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, a review of their medical records and an intra-oral examination. A sample of 335 individuals over 60 years of age was randomly selected. In total, 646 alterations were diagnosed; 59.1 percent were variations of the normal oral mucosa. The most frequent variation consisted of sublingual varicosities (51.6 percent). Denture stomatitis (15.2 percent) and denture hyperplasia (12.8 percent) were the most frequent lesions. Elderly patients who wore dentures had a significantly higher prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (p = 0.00) than those that didn't wear dentures. There was a high prevalence of variations of the normal oral mucosa and of mucosal lesions, especially denture-induced lesions, among the institutionalized elderly.

A retrospective study of trauma-associated oral and maxillofacial lesions in a population from southern Taiwan

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this retrospective analysis was to determine the age, gender, frequency and distribution of trauma-associated hard tissue and soft tissue lesions of the oral and maxillofacial region in a population from southern Taiwan. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Approximately 10 percent of the 27,995 biopsy records of patients with history of trauma resulting in lesions who were treated at our institution between 1991 and 2006 were examined for this study. RESULTS: In the included records, there were 2,762 soft tissue and 26 hard tissue lesions. Mucocele was the most frequent trauma-associated soft tissue lesion (955 cases). The youngest patients were those who presented with mucocele (mean age = 27.3 years), while the oldest patients were those with peripheral giant cell granuloma (58 years). The lower lip was the most frequent site of occurrence of mucocele (676, 64.5 percent) and was also the predominant site of occurrence of all soft tissue lesions (815, 29.5 percent), followed by the buccal mucosa (654, 23.4 percent) and the tongue (392, 14.2 percent). Trauma-associated hard tissue lesions included only osteoradionecrosis (24 cases) and traumatic bone cysts (2 cases). CONCLUSION: As little data of this nature have been reported from populations of Asian developing countries, the findings of this retrospective analysis is valuable for epidemiological documentation of type of traumatic oral lesions as well as for informing the professionals and the layman about the importance of this category of oral lesions.

Importancia de la evaluación y clasificación del frenillo lingual / The importance of evaluation and classification of lingual frenum

El propósito de esta investigación surge a partir de la observación, cada vez más frecuente, de pacientes con maloclusiones, cuya causa principal es la anquiloglosia parcial o total. El objetivo fue determinar la cantidad de pacientes con maloclusión que presentaban anquiloglosia sobre una muestra de 282 pacientes de ambos sexos, correspondientes a las tres denticiones, quienes durante el período de un año (noviembre 2003-2004) concurrieron espontáneamente a la Facultad de Odontología de la UNC. En primer término, se evaluó la presencia de anquiloglosia, su frecuencia, y la maloclusión más frecuente en los pacientes con y sin anquiloglosia. Para categorizar los distintos tipos y grados de anquiloglosia, se aplicaron dos métodos de evaluación, considerándose 0 la norma en ambos grupos: (1) grado de movilidad lingual grados 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 (G), referido a la ubicación de la punta de la lengua y su relación con el paladar duro, por detrás de los incisivos superiores, estando el paciente en apertura bucal máxima (ABM); (2) longitud del frenillo lingual tipo 0, I, II, III, IV, medido con calibre de Boley, desde la inserción del frenillo hasta la punta de la lengua, considerándose clínicamente aceptable la lengua libre mayor de 16 mm. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: sobre 282 pacientes con maloclusión, 153 presentaron anquiloglosia, en los cuales la maloclusión más frecuente fue la Clase II, con 43,14 por ciento (n=66), siendo el grado de movilidad lingual G2 (n=92) con 60.13 por ciento y la longitud del frenillo lingual, Tipo II (n=65) con 42,50 por ciento, las más frecuentes.

Prevalencia de la hiperplasia epitelial focal en paciente de las etnias Sanema y Yekuana, estado Bolívar, Venezuela / Prevalence of focal epithelial hyperplasia in patients from the Sanema and Yekuana tribes, Bolivar State, Venezuela

El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de Hiperplasia Epitelial Focal (HEF) en poblaciones indígenas de las tribus Sanema y Yekuana del Estado Bolívar - Venezuela. Se examinó un total de 862 pacientes de ambos sexos y en edades comprendidas entre 0 - 79 años, de los cuales 79 (9 por ciento) presentaron la patología a estudiar. El diagnóstico de la lesión fue realizada sobre la base de la historia y características clínicas de acuerdo a la guía para estudio epidemiológico de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (WHO, 1978). El número de pacientes con HEF fue de 79 (9 por ciento), de éstos, 45 (57 por ciento) pertenecían a la étnia Sanema y 34 (43 por ciento) a la étnia Yekuana. De acuerdo a los hábitos, se encontró que 13 pacientes (17 por ciento) presentaban el hábito de masticar tabaco. Con respecto a la frecuencia de HEF en relación a la muestra total, se pudo evidenciar que esta patología representa el 9 por ciento de la muestra estudiada en el período Septiembre 2003 - Julio 2004.

Oral health and treatment needs in institutionalized psychiatric patients in India.

The caries prevalence, oral hygiene status, periodontal health and treatment needs were evaluated in a group of institutionalized psychiatric patients in Goa, India. Of the total 153 inmates, males constituted 59 percent, the mean age was 25 years, 96 percent were self sufficient and the response rate was 84 percent. 63 percent were diagnosed with schizophrenia. They did not receive any assistance in daily self-care activities including oral hygiene maintenance. None of the 5 edentulous patients had dentures, 5% had been referred for emergency dental care during the period of institutionalization. 15 subjects (12%) were caries-free, the stepwise linear regression analysis showed that the mean DMFT index significantly increased with age (t = 2-819, PL 0.05). Two third of the study population (88%) were in need of conservative dental treatment. The stepwise linear regression analysis showed that the mean OHI-S index significantly increased with age (t = 2.412, P < 0.01). Only 5.4% reported a healthy periodontium whereas 16.27% required complex periodontal therapy. Soft tissue lesions included dorsal lingual depapillation/heavily coated areas and angular cheilitis in addition to incidental observations such as mucosal hyperpigmentation, gingival hyperplasia, and leucoedema. Bruxism and factitious injuries were also noted. The onus of meeting the oral health needs of this marginalized patient population therefore depends on the effectiveness of community dentistry programs vis a vis the efforts of the staff of the institution to provide such services on a regular basis.

A study of oral mucosal lesions in geriatric patients / Prevalência de lesões da mucosa bucal em pacientes geriátricos

Dada a escassez de estudos quanto à patologia bucal do idoso, propõe-se o estudo de 170 pacientes acima de 60 anos e as principais lesões observadas. Um protocolo adequado foi desenvolvido para obter informações detalhadas sobre antecedentes médicos, hábitos, estado atual da saúde e medicamentos utilizados entre outros aspectos. Após exame estomatológico os diagnósticos clínicos foram formulados e, em caso de dúvida e para confirmação diagnóstica, foram realizadas biópsia, cultura ou citologia esfoliativa. A faixa etária prevalente foi a de 70/79 anos com predomínio do sexo feminino. As alterações mais frequentes foram: varicosidades (49,41//), principalmente linguais, seguida de candidose eritematosa de localização palatina (28,24//), além de processos proliferativos não neoplásicos, predominando as hiperplasias fibrosas inflamatórias (17,06//). Estas duas patologias, em geral, são associadas a próteses. Em menor grau observamos grânulos de Fordyce (13,53//), língua fissurada e glossite atrófica (ambas 7,06//), além de lesões brancas (6,47//). Com uma frequência menor que 5//destacam-se: quelite angular, líquen plano, úlceras traumáticas e língua geográfica, não tendo sido detectado nenhum caso de neoplasia maligna no grupo estudado. Conclui-se que a estomatologia geriátrica merece uma maior atenção do Cirurgião-Dentista quanto aos aspectos fisiológicos do envelhecimento, as iatrogenias e as patologias que podem estar presentes e devem ser tratadas adequadamente para o bem estar do idoso